本文 dubbo 2.6.2
在工作中碰到一个业务接口时间比较长,需要修改超时时间,不知道原理,在网上搜索,看到有人说如果你觉得自己了解了dubbo的超时机制,那么问问自己以下问题:
如果连这些都回答不上了,那只能说明还没有完全掌握 dubbo的超时机制。
于是索性就自己本地搭了个环境,研究了一下源码。 先来说一说结论:
<dubbo:consumer timeout="5000" />
<dubbo:service interface="me.kimi.samples.dubbo.facade.QuestionFacade" ref="questionFacade" timeout="6000">
<dubbo:method name="getQuestionById" timeout="7000"/>
</dubbo:service>
观察控制台打印的注册URL:
consumer://172.16.71.30/me.kimi.samples.dubbo.facade.QuestionFacade?application=demo-consumer&category=providers,configurators,routers&check=false&default.proxy=jdk&default.timeout=5000&dubbo=2.6.2&getQuestionById.timeout=7000&interface=me.kimi.samples.dubbo.facade.QuestionFacade&logger=log4j&methods=getQuestionById&pid=13884&side=consumer&timeout=6000×tamp=1536630294523
可以看到:
分别对应了全局、类级别、方法级别的超时设置。
省略一部分调用链,最终会来到这里 DubboInvoker,读取超时时间:
com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.dubbo.DubboInvoker
@Override
protected Result doInvoke(final Invocation invocation) throws Throwable {
RpcInvocation inv = (RpcInvocation) invocation;
final String methodName = RpcUtils.getMethodName(invocation);
inv.setAttachment(Constants.PATH_KEY, getUrl().getPath());
inv.setAttachment(Constants.VERSION_KEY, version);
ExchangeClient currentClient;
if (clients.length == 1) {
currentClient = clients[0];
} else {
currentClient = clients[index.getAndIncrement() % clients.length];
}
try {
boolean isAsync = RpcUtils.isAsync(getUrl(), invocation);
boolean isOneway = RpcUtils.isOneway(getUrl(), invocation);
// 读取超时时间,这里dubbo已经把服务端的timeout参数和消费端的timeout参数合并
int timeout = getUrl().getMethodParameter(methodName, Constants.TIMEOUT_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
if (isOneway) {
boolean isSent = getUrl().getMethodParameter(methodName, Constants.SENT_KEY, false);
currentClient.send(inv, isSent);
RpcContext.getContext().setFuture(null);
return new RpcResult();
} else if (isAsync) {
ResponseFuture future = currentClient.request(inv, timeout);
RpcContext.getContext().setFuture(new FutureAdapter<Object>(future));
return new RpcResult();
} else {
RpcContext.getContext().setFuture(null);
// 返回 DefaultFuture
// get()在没返回值之前会 阻塞 await
return (Result) currentClient.request(inv, timeout).get();
}
} catch (TimeoutException e) {
throw new RpcException(RpcException.TIMEOUT_EXCEPTION, "Invoke remote method timeout. method: " + invocation.getMethodName() + ", provider: " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
} catch (RemotingException e) {
throw new RpcException(RpcException.NETWORK_EXCEPTION, "Failed to invoke remote method: " + invocation.getMethodName() + ", provider: " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
看一下参数获取的方法:
public int getMethodParameter(String method, String key, int defaultValue) {
// 首先查 getQuestionById.timeout
String methodKey = method + "." + key;
// 从数字缓存中先获取,不需要每次都 parseInt
Number n = getNumbers().get(methodKey);
if (n != null) {
return n.intValue();
}
// 没得话,去取字符串值
String value = getMethodParameter(method, key);
if (value == null || value.length() == 0) {
// 三个地方都没配置,返回默认值,默认是1秒
return defaultValue;
}
// 放入缓存中
int i = Integer.parseInt(value);
getNumbers().put(methodKey, i);
return i;
}
public String getMethodParameter(String method, String key) {
// 首先查 getQuestionById.timeout
String value = parameters.get(method + "." + key);
if (value == null || value.length() == 0) {
// 没有设定方法级别的,去查接口级别或全局的
return getParameter(key);
}
return value;
}
public String getParameter(String key) {
// 接口级别去查 timeout
String value = parameters.get(key);
if (value == null || value.length() == 0) {
// 没的话查询全局级别 default.timeout
value = parameters.get(Constants.DEFAULT_KEY_PREFIX + key);
}
return value;
}
从代码中可以看出超时时间的设置:方法级别 > 接口级别 > 全局级别。
这里要特殊提一点,就是dubbo会合并服务端客户端的设置。
修改客户端配置, 只留下全局设置:
<dubbo:consumer timeout="2000" proxy="jdk"/>
<dubbo:service interface="me.kimi.samples.dubbo.facade.QuestionFacade" ref="questionFacade"/>
服务端配置如下:
<dubbo:provider timeout="10000" accepts="500"/>
<!-- service implementation, as same as regular local bean -->
<bean id="questionFacade" class="me.kimi.samples.dubbo.provider.service.QuestionFacadeImpl"/>
<!-- declare the service interface to be exported -->
<dubbo:service interface="me.kimi.samples.dubbo.facade.QuestionFacade" ref="questionFacade" timeout="9000"/>
最后在客户端调用的时候,发现timeout是9000ms, debug发现客户端合并了url, 合并结果如下:
dubbo://172.16.71.30:20880/me.kimi.samples.dubbo.facade.QuestionFacade?anyhost=true&application=demo-provider&default.accepts=500&default.timeout=10000&dubbo=2.6.2&generic=false&interface=me.kimi.samples.dubbo.facade.QuestionFacade&logger=log4j&methods=getQuestionById&pid=17508&side=provider&timeout=9000×tamp=1536660132286
查看源码 com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.integration.RegistryDirectory#mergeUrl:
private URL mergeUrl(URL providerUrl) {
providerUrl = ClusterUtils.mergeUrl(providerUrl, queryMap); // Merge the consumer side parameters
List<Configurator> localConfigurators = this.configurators; // local reference
if (localConfigurators != null && !localConfigurators.isEmpty()) {
for (Configurator configurator : localConfigurators) {
providerUrl = configurator.configure(providerUrl);
}
}
providerUrl = providerUrl.addParameter(Constants.CHECK_KEY, String.valueOf(false)); // Do not check whether the connection is successful or not, always create Invoker!
// 这里就是合并服务器端的参数,所以除了timeout参数,其他很多参数也是这样的
// 即已客户端优先
this.overrideDirectoryUrl = this.overrideDirectoryUrl.addParametersIfAbsent(providerUrl.getParameters());
if ((providerUrl.getPath() == null || providerUrl.getPath().length() == 0)
&& "dubbo".equals(providerUrl.getProtocol())) { // Compatible version 1.0
//fix by tony.chenl DUBBO-44
String path = directoryUrl.getParameter(Constants.INTERFACE_KEY);
if (path != null) {
int i = path.indexOf('/');
if (i >= 0) {
path = path.substring(i + 1);
}
i = path.lastIndexOf(':');
if (i >= 0) {
path = path.substring(0, i);
}
providerUrl = providerUrl.setPath(path);
}
}
return providerUrl;
}
所以综合,超时时间的优先级为:
consumer方法级别 > provider 方法级别 > consumer 接口级别 > provider 接口级别 > consumer 全局级别 > provider 全局级别。
有了超时时间,那么dubbo是怎么实现超时的呢?
再看上面的DubboInvoker,对于一般的有返回值的调用,最终调用:
return (Result) currentClient.request(inv, timeout).get();
先看一下request方法,来到 com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.exchange.support.header.HeaderExchangeChannel的Request方法:
@Override
public ResponseFuture request(Object request, int timeout) throws RemotingException {
if (closed) {
throw new RemotingException(this.getLocalAddress(), null, "Failed to send request " + request + ", cause: The channel " + this + " is closed!");
}
// create request.
Request req = new Request();
req.setVersion("2.0.0");
req.setTwoWay(true);
req.setData(request);
DefaultFuture future = new DefaultFuture(channel, req, timeout);
try {
channel.send(req);
} catch (RemotingException e) {
future.cancel();
throw e;
}
return future;
}
重点是 DefaultFuture:
static {
Thread th = new Thread(new RemotingInvocationTimeoutScan(), "DubboResponseTimeoutScanTimer");
th.setDaemon(true);
th.start();
}
类加载的时候会启动一个超时扫描线程:
public DefaultFuture(Channel channel, Request request, int timeout) {
this.channel = channel;
this.request = request;
this.id = request.getId();
this.timeout = timeout > 0 ? timeout : channel.getUrl().getPositiveParameter(Constants.TIMEOUT_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
// 每个 DefaultFuture 都有一个 id, 对应当前请求id, 然后被放到 静态Map中。
FUTURES.put(id, this);
// id 对应的 Channel 也存起来,后续超时需要处理
CHANNELS.put(id, channel);
}
再看下get方法:
@Override
public Object get() throws RemotingException {
return get(timeout);
}
@Override
public Object get(int timeout) throws RemotingException {
if (timeout <= 0) {
timeout = Constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT;
}
if (!isDone()) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
lock.lock();
try {
while (!isDone()) {
// 这里可以看到在调用的时候需要等待
done.await(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
if (isDone() || System.currentTimeMillis() - start > timeout) {
break;
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
if (!isDone()) {
throw new TimeoutException(sent > 0, channel, getTimeoutMessage(false));
}
}
// 处理返回值
// 线程扫描超时,正常返回都在这里
return returnFromResponse();
}
从上面代码上可以看到,get方法,会使当前线程挂起等待。那么什么时候会被恢复呢,可以想到两类情况:
那么回过头来看看超时扫描线程,看一下扫描线程做了什么事情:
private static class RemotingInvocationTimeoutScan implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
// 就是去扫描DefaultFuture列表
for (DefaultFuture future : FUTURES.values()) {
if (future == null || future.isDone()) {
continue;
}
// 如果future未完成,且超时
if (System.currentTimeMillis() - future.getStartTimestamp() > future.getTimeout()) {
// 创建一个异常的Response
Response timeoutResponse = new Response(future.getId());
// set timeout status.
timeoutResponse.setStatus(future.isSent() ? Response.SERVER_TIMEOUT : Response.CLIENT_TIMEOUT);
timeoutResponse.setErrorMessage(future.getTimeoutMessage(true));
// 处理异常
DefaultFuture.received(future.getChannel(), timeoutResponse);
}
}
Thread.sleep(30);
} catch (Throwable e) {
logger.error("Exception when scan the timeout invocation of remoting.", e);
}
}
}
}
看下 received方法
public static void received(Channel channel, Response response) {
try {
DefaultFuture future = FUTURES.remove(response.getId());
if (future != null) {
future.doReceived(response);
} else {
logger.warn("The timeout response finally returned at "
+ (new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS").format(new Date()))
+ ", response " + response
+ (channel == null ? "" : ", channel: " + channel.getLocalAddress()
+ " -> " + channel.getRemoteAddress()));
}
} finally {
CHANNELS.remove(response.getId());
}
}
private void doReceived(Response res) {
lock.lock();
try {
// 设置响应
// 这样isDone就是true了
response = res;
if (done != null) {
// 恢复挂起的线程
done.signal();
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
if (callback != null) {
invokeCallback(callback);
}
}
显然这里扫描线程把用户请求线程恢复了。 恢复以后,顺着刚才的 DefaultFuture 的get方法,来到 returnFromResponse方法:
private Object returnFromResponse() throws RemotingException {
Response res = response;
if (res == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("response cannot be null");
}
// 正常返回,返回 Result 对象
if (res.getStatus() == Response.OK) {
return res.getResult();
}
// 超时处理
if (res.getStatus() == Response.CLIENT_TIMEOUT || res.getStatus() == Response.SERVER_TIMEOUT) {
// 重新抛出异常
throw new TimeoutException(res.getStatus() == Response.SERVER_TIMEOUT, channel, res.getErrorMessage());
}
throw new RemotingException(channel, res.getErrorMessage());
}
超时扫描线程,构建了一个 超时 Response, 在这里抛出 超时异常。
超时抛异常是看见了,那么正常返回是怎么处理的呢,因为 done还 await在那里。 这里暂时不细说dubbo其他组件的原理,只要知道在网络事件完成(即服务器端在规定时间内正常返回)的时候,会有个回调,在整个回调过程中,最终会回调到 com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.exchange.support.header.HeaderExchangeHandler 的 received 方法,看下代码:
@Override
public void received(Channel channel, Object message) throws RemotingException {
channel.setAttribute(KEY_READ_TIMESTAMP, System.currentTimeMillis());
ExchangeChannel exchangeChannel = HeaderExchangeChannel.getOrAddChannel(channel);
try {
if (message instanceof Request) {
// handle request.
Request request = (Request) message;
if (request.isEvent()) {
handlerEvent(channel, request);
} else {
if (request.isTwoWay()) {
Response response = handleRequest(exchangeChannel, request);
channel.send(response);
} else {
handler.received(exchangeChannel, request.getData());
}
}
} else if (message instanceof Response) {
// 请求会回调到这里
handleResponse(channel, (Response) message);
} else if (message instanceof String) {
if (isClientSide(channel)) {
Exception e = new Exception("Dubbo client can not supported string message: " + message + " in channel: " + channel + ", url: " + channel.getUrl());
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} else {
String echo = handler.telnet(channel, (String) message);
if (echo != null && echo.length() > 0) {
channel.send(echo);
}
}
} else {
handler.received(exchangeChannel, message);
}
} finally {
HeaderExchangeChannel.removeChannelIfDisconnected(channel);
}
}
处理响应:
static void handleResponse(Channel channel, Response response) throws RemotingException {
// 不是心跳包,是正常的业务返回
if (response != null && !response.isHeartbeat()) {
DefaultFuture.received(channel, response);
}
}
这里看到,最终调用也是 DefaultFuture.received 的方法,和超时扫描的入口一样, 最终会恢复用户请求线程。唯一有区别的就是,这里是一个ok的Response, 而那边是timeout的response.
原网址: 访问
创建于: 2018-10-13 16:25:05
目录: default
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