首先根据需求,我这边使用的是springboot+netty的架构,使用了一个串口转网口的转换模块。为什么这么使用?部署的时候使用的是Linux的系统,在Linux下安装驱动比较麻烦,所以网口可以节省大量的服务器配置时间。为什么使用netty?不少使用过netty的人都知道,netty是一个异步非阻塞的框架,具体优势可以自己去查看一下,是一个功能非常强大的框架。转换模块使用的是有人的模块,淘宝上购买就行,也使用过其他厂家的模块,例如亿佰特,使用起来就没有人的好用,有人的模块还是相当做的成熟的。
提到485通信,大家就会想到modbus协议,Modbus 协议是应用于电子控制器上的一种通用语言。此处不过多讲解,这里我们使用的是modbus-rtu协议,这块后面会单独写一篇。
对这个架构有了一定的了解之后,我们就可以开始上代码了,首先我们要定义好服务端和客户端,如果我们这边的程序设置为服务端,模块就要设置为客户端,这个最后实现的效果是一样的,我本人更倾向于把程序这边设置为服务端。
监听程序会监听客户端连接
import com.nari.sea.serialport.config.ServerChannelInitializer;import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;import io.netty.channel.*;import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;import org.apache.log4j.Logger;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.net.InetSocketAddress; @Componentpublic class NettyServer { private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(NettyServer.class); public void start(InetSocketAddress address) { EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(4); try { ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap() .group(bossGroup,workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .localAddress(address) .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) .childHandler(new ServerChannelInitializer()) .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128) //开启长连接 .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); // 绑定端口,开始接收进来的连接 ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(address).sync(); logger.info("Server start listen at " + address.getPort()); future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } }}
这个里面的都是可自行根据需求配置的,netty默认的判断客户端离线是两个小时,通过下面的代码我们可以设置为几秒、几分钟,下面四个参数分别是读、写、全、时间类型。
channel.pipeline().addLast(new IdleStateHandler(1, 0, 0, TimeUnit.MINUTES));
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class ServerChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel channel) throws Exception { channel.pipeline().addLast("decoder",new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.ISO_8859_1)); channel.pipeline().addLast("encoder",new StringEncoder(CharsetUtil.ISO_8859_1)); //设置n分钟判断离线 channel.pipeline().addLast(new IdleStateHandler(1, 0, 0, TimeUnit.MINUTES)); //粘包长度控制 channel.pipeline().addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE,0,4)); channel.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler()); }}
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;import io.netty.channel.DefaultEventLoopGroup;import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleState;import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent;import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;import java.util.List; public class ServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { //超时连接 private int lossConnectCount = 0; @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) { System.out.println("channelActive----->"); } @Override public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception { if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent){ IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent)evt; //只判断读 if (event.state()== IdleState.READER_IDLE){ lossConnectCount++; if (lossConnectCount>5){ System.out.println("关闭不活跃通道!"); ctx.channel().close(); } System.out.println("已经"+lossConnectCount+"分钟未收到客户端的消息了!"); } }else { super.userEventTriggered(ctx,evt); } } @Override public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception{ //客户端退出连接 } @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { lossConnectCount = 0; System.out.println("server channelRead......"); String m= (String) msg; //判断通信 ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(m, CharsetUtil.ISO_8859_1); byte [] bytes = new byte[buf.readableBytes()]; buf.readBytes(bytes);//复制内容到字节数组bytes String returnData = bytes2HexString(bytes); //将byte数组转为16进制字符串 System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress()+"----->Server :"+ returnData); if(returnData != null && !"".equals(returnData)){ if(HexUtil.checkData(returnData)){ //具体的逻辑代码 } } //将客户端的信息直接返回写入ctx //刷新缓存区 } private String bytes2HexString(byte[] b) { StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(); String hex; for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) { hex = Integer.toHexString(b[i] & 0xFF); if (hex.length() == 1) { hex = '0' + hex; } result.append(hex.toUpperCase()); } return result.toString(); } private String hexString2String(String hex, String charset) { byte[] bs = new byte[hex.length()/2]; for(int i=0; i<bs.length; i++) { bs[i] = (byte)(0xff&Integer.parseInt(hex.substring(i*2,i*2+2),16)); } try{ hex = new String(bs, charset); }catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return hex; } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { cause.printStackTrace(); ctx.close(); }}
逻辑实现代码中,我们难免要引入一些service,这时候我们就需要在实现代码中这样操作了
@Componentpublic class SerialPortDealData { @Autowired private ModeManService modeManService; //声明对象 private static SerialPortDealData serialPortDealData; // 初始化 @PostConstruct public void init() { serialPortDealData = this; serialPortDealData.modeManService = this.modeManService; } //逻辑代码}
netty在springboot中的启动有很多,这里介绍其中一种
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; @EnableScheduling@SpringBootApplication@ServletComponentScan//防止 @WebListener 无效@MapperScan(basePackages ={""})@ComponentScan(basePackages = {""})@EnableAsync//注意这里,这个注解启用了线程池public class SeaApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer implements CommandLineRunner{ @Value("${netty.port}") private int port; @Value("${netty.url}") private String url; @Autowired private NettyServer server; public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SeaApplication.class, args); } @Override protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder builder) { return builder.sources(SeaApplication.class); } @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress(url,port); System.out.println("run .... . ... "+url); server.start(address); } }
applicaion.yml配置文件
netty: port: 5001 url: 127.0.0.1
到这里关于实现485通信的一种方法已经介绍完了,感谢你的阅读,有什么不足的地方请指导一下。最后说一下一些模拟工具,modbus poll-对应modbus slave,modbus scan,网络调试工具NetAssist.exe,串口调试工具等等
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创建于: 2023-08-31 10:36:17
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