如何通过Java实现485通信_spring boot 485通信_浪子一秋的博客-CSDN博客

1、整体架构的选择

首先根据需求,我这边使用的是springboot+netty的架构,使用了一个串口转网口的转换模块。为什么这么使用?部署的时候使用的是Linux的系统,在Linux下安装驱动比较麻烦,所以网口可以节省大量的服务器配置时间。为什么使用netty?不少使用过netty的人都知道,netty是一个异步非阻塞的框架,具体优势可以自己去查看一下,是一个功能非常强大的框架。转换模块使用的是有人的模块,淘宝上购买就行,也使用过其他厂家的模块,例如亿佰特,使用起来就没有人的好用,有人的模块还是相当做的成熟的。

2、什么是modbus

提到485通信,大家就会想到modbus协议,Modbus 协议是应用于电子控制器上的一种通用语言。此处不过多讲解,这里我们使用的是modbus-rtu协议,这块后面会单独写一篇。

3、代码解析

对这个架构有了一定的了解之后,我们就可以开始上代码了,首先我们要定义好服务端和客户端,如果我们这边的程序设置为服务端,模块就要设置为客户端,这个最后实现的效果是一样的,我本人更倾向于把程序这边设置为服务端。

3.1服务端监听

监听程序会监听客户端连接

 import com.nari.sea.serialport.config.ServerChannelInitializer;import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;import io.netty.channel.*;import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;import org.apache.log4j.Logger;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.net.InetSocketAddress; @Componentpublic class NettyServer {    private static final Logger logger  = Logger.getLogger(NettyServer.class);    public void start(InetSocketAddress address) {        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(4);        try {            ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap()                    .group(bossGroup,workerGroup)                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)                    .localAddress(address)                    .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))                    .childHandler(new ServerChannelInitializer())                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)                    //开启长连接                    .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);            // 绑定端口,开始接收进来的连接             ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(address).sync();             logger.info("Server start listen at " + address.getPort());             future.channel().closeFuture().sync();        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();        }    }}

3.2netty心跳机制

这个里面的都是可自行根据需求配置的,netty默认的判断客户端离线是两个小时,通过下面的代码我们可以设置为几秒、几分钟,下面四个参数分别是读、写、全、时间类型。

channel.pipeline().addLast(new IdleStateHandler(1, 0, 0, TimeUnit.MINUTES));

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class ServerChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {    @Override    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel channel) throws Exception {        channel.pipeline().addLast("decoder",new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.ISO_8859_1));        channel.pipeline().addLast("encoder",new StringEncoder(CharsetUtil.ISO_8859_1));        //设置n分钟判断离线        channel.pipeline().addLast(new IdleStateHandler(1, 0, 0, TimeUnit.MINUTES));        //粘包长度控制        channel.pipeline().addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE,0,4));        channel.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());    }}

3.3具体实现

 import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;import io.netty.channel.DefaultEventLoopGroup;import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleState;import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent;import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;import java.util.List;  public class ServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {    //超时连接    private int lossConnectCount = 0;     @Override    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {        System.out.println("channelActive----->");    }     @Override      public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {        if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent){            IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent)evt;            //只判断读            if (event.state()== IdleState.READER_IDLE){                lossConnectCount++;                if (lossConnectCount>5){                    System.out.println("关闭不活跃通道!");                    ctx.channel().close();                }                System.out.println("已经"+lossConnectCount+"分钟未收到客户端的消息了!");            }        }else {            super.userEventTriggered(ctx,evt);        }    }     @Override    public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception{        //客户端退出连接    }     @Override    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {        lossConnectCount = 0;        System.out.println("server channelRead......");        String m= (String) msg;        //判断通信        ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(m, CharsetUtil.ISO_8859_1);        byte [] bytes = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];        buf.readBytes(bytes);//复制内容到字节数组bytes        String returnData = bytes2HexString(bytes); //将byte数组转为16进制字符串        System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress()+"----->Server :"+ returnData);                if(returnData != null && !"".equals(returnData)){                    if(HexUtil.checkData(returnData)){                    //具体的逻辑代码                     }                }          //将客户端的信息直接返回写入ctx        //刷新缓存区    }     private String bytes2HexString(byte[] b) {        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();        String hex;        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {            hex = Integer.toHexString(b[i] & 0xFF);            if (hex.length() == 1) {                hex = '0' + hex;            }            result.append(hex.toUpperCase());        }        return result.toString();    }    private String hexString2String(String hex, String charset) {        byte[] bs = new byte[hex.length()/2];        for(int i=0; i<bs.length; i++) {            bs[i] = (byte)(0xff&Integer.parseInt(hex.substring(i*2,i*2+2),16));        }        try{            hex = new String(bs, charset);        }catch(Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }        return hex;    }     @Override    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {        cause.printStackTrace();        ctx.close();    }}

3.4如何在netty中引入service

逻辑实现代码中,我们难免要引入一些service,这时候我们就需要在实现代码中这样操作了

@Componentpublic class SerialPortDealData {    @Autowired    private ModeManService modeManService;     //声明对象    private static SerialPortDealData serialPortDealData;     // 初始化    @PostConstruct    public void init() {        serialPortDealData = this;        serialPortDealData.modeManService = this.modeManService;    }     //逻辑代码}

3.5如何启动netty

netty在springboot中的启动有很多,这里介绍其中一种

 import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; @EnableScheduling@SpringBootApplication@ServletComponentScan//防止 @WebListener 无效@MapperScan(basePackages ={""})@ComponentScan(basePackages = {""})@EnableAsync//注意这里,这个注解启用了线程池public class SeaApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer implements CommandLineRunner{     @Value("${netty.port}")    private int port;     @Value("${netty.url}")    private String url;     @Autowired    private NettyServer server;      public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(SeaApplication.class, args);    }     @Override    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder builder) {        return builder.sources(SeaApplication.class);    }     @Override    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {        InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress(url,port);        System.out.println("run  .... . ... "+url);        server.start(address);    } }

applicaion.yml配置文件

netty:  port: 5001  url: 127.0.0.1

4.致谢

到这里关于实现485通信的一种方法已经介绍完了,感谢你的阅读,有什么不足的地方请指导一下。最后说一下一些模拟工具,modbus poll-对应modbus slave,modbus scan,网络调试工具NetAssist.exe,串口调试工具等等

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创建于: 2023-08-31 10:36:17
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