上一篇已经讲了微服务组件中的 分布式配置中心,本章讲述 由JAVA编写的服务路由网关Zuul
…
路由是微服务体系结构的一个组成部分。例如 /
可以映射到您的Web应用程序,/api/users映射到用户服务,/api/shop映射到商店服务。Zuul是Netflix的基于JVM的开发的路由和服务器端负载均衡器。
为什么需要服务网关?
如果没有服务网关,多个服务提供给前端调用地址管理错综复杂,增加了客户端的复杂性,认证也相对麻烦,每个服务都需要编写相同的认证….
画图工具:https://www.processon.com/
Zuul 可以做什么?
Zuul的规则引擎允许基本上写任何JVM语言的规则和过滤器,内置Java和Groovy的支持。
注意:配置属性zuul.max.host.connections
已被取代的两个新的属性,zuul.host.maxTotalConnections
并且zuul.host.maxPerRouteConnections
它的缺省值分别200和20。注意:所有路线的默认Hystrix隔离模式(ExecutionIsolationStrategy)为
SEMAPHORE
。zuul.ribbonIsolationStrategy
如果此隔离模式是首选,可以更改为THREAD
。
官方文档:http://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Dalston.SR2/#_router_and_filter_zuul
1.启动Consul
2.创建 battcn-gateway-service
和 battcn-hello-service
1.在项目 pom.xml 中添加 ZUUL 依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.App.java中开启 zuul 代理
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ZuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class, args);
}
}
3.zuul.routes.routesName.ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute
配置的方式,详细可以参考源码org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.ZuulProperties
server:
port: 9000
zuul:
routes:
hello-service: #自定义的 路由名称
path: /api-hello/** #路由路径
serviceId: battcn-hello-service #VIP 模式中的 serviceId
spring:
application:
name: battcn-gateway-service
cloud:
consul:
host: localhost
port: 8500
enabled: true
discovery:
enabled: true
prefer-ip-address: true
hello-service 只需要以下依赖,能注册到consul中就行(单纯的一个服务)
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HelloApplication.class, args);
}
}
server:
port: 9001
spring:
application:
name: battcn-hello-service
cloud:
consul:
host: localhost
port: 8500
enabled: true
discovery:
enabled: true
prefer-ip-address: true
访问:http://localhost:9000/api-hello/hello 从地址中可以看出我们访问的是 battcn-gateway-service
,且满足 zuul.routes.routesName.path
规则,因此实际请求地址是http://localhost:9001/hello
hello:battcn-hello-service #表示请求成功
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/**
* 网关认证过滤器(Demo演示,实际根据自身业务考虑实现)
* @author Levin
* @date 2017-08-14.
*/
@Component
public class GatewayZuulFilter extends ZuulFilter {
/**
* per:路由之前,如实现认证、记录调试信息等
* routing:路由时
* post:路由后,比如添加HTTP Header
* error:发生错误时调用
*/
@Override
public String filterType() {
return "pre";
}
/**
* 过滤器顺序,类似@Filter中的order
*/
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
return 0;
}
/**
* 这里可以写逻辑判断,是否要过滤,本文true,永远过滤。
*/
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
return true;
}
/**
* 过滤器的具体逻辑。可用很复杂,包括查sql,nosql去判断该请求到底有没有权限访问。
*/
@Override
public Object run() {
RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
String token = request.getParameter("token");
if(token == null) {
ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
ctx.setResponseStatusCode(404);
ctx.setResponseBody("token cannot be empty");
}
return null;
}
}
实际开发中token
应该从请求头中获取,该处只是为了方便演示效果
访问:http://localhost:9000/api-hello/hello?token=1
hello:battcn-hello-service
访问:http://localhost:9000/api-hello/hello
token cannot be empty
图不是很严谨,凑合着看看吧…
初次启动项目我们可以看到
2017-08-14 17:19:06.090 INFO 11544 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] o.s.c.n.zuul.web.ZuulHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/api-hello/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.web.ZuulController]
2017-08-14 17:19:06.090 INFO 11544 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] o.s.c.n.zuul.web.ZuulHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/battcn-gateway-service/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.web.ZuulController]
2017-08-14 17:19:06.090 INFO 11544 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] o.s.c.n.zuul.web.ZuulHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/battcn-hello-service/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.web.ZuulController]
2017-08-14 17:19:06.090 INFO 11544 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] o.s.c.n.zuul.web.ZuulHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/consul/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.web.ZuulController]
有兴趣的还可以阅读下com.netflix.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerContext
,通过它可以发现每次请求的IP和端口,需要在application.yml
中配置
logging:
level:
com.netflix: DEBUG
2017-08-14 17:32:16.793 DEBUG 14316 --- [nio-9000-exec-7] c.n.zuul.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper : Path = null
2017-08-14 17:32:16.793 DEBUG 14316 --- [nio-9000-exec-7] c.n.zuul.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper : Transfer-Encoding = null
2017-08-14 17:32:16.793 DEBUG 14316 --- [nio-9000-exec-7] c.n.zuul.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper : Content-Encoding = null
2017-08-14 17:32:16.793 DEBUG 14316 --- [nio-9000-exec-7] c.n.zuul.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper : Content-Length header = -1
2017-08-14 17:32:16.793 DEBUG 14316 --- [nio-9000-exec-7] c.n.loadbalancer.ZoneAwareLoadBalancer : Zone aware logic disabled or there is only one zone
2017-08-14 17:32:16.793 DEBUG 14316 --- [nio-9000-exec-7] c.n.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerContext : battcn-hello-service using LB returned Server: 192.168.31.221:9001 for request /hello
定义GatewayZuulFallback
实现ZuulFallbackProvider
接口
/**
* @author Levin
* @date 2017-08-14.
*/
@Component
public class GatewayZuulFallback implements ZuulFallbackProvider {
@Override
public String getRoute() {
return "battcn-hello-service";//指定回退的服务名
}
@Override
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() {
return new ClientHttpResponse() {
@Override
public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR; //INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR(500, "Internal Server Error")
}
@Override
public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
return this.getStatusCode().value();// 500
}
@Override
public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
return this.getStatusCode().getReasonPhrase();// Internal Server Error
}
@Override
public void close() {}
@Override
public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
return new ByteArrayInputStream(getStatusText().getBytes());//也可以随意写自己想返回的内容
}
@Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
return httpHeaders;
}
};
}
}
步骤:停掉 battcn-hello-service
启动 battcn-gateway-service
访问:http://localhost:9000/api-hello/hello?token=1
显示:
Internal Server Error # 代表Fallback成功
zuul 相关的官方文档还是比较其全了,本文也是参考官方然后简单讲述应用场景,具体开发请结合自身业务扩展….
1.自定义指定微服务路径,以下两种配置方式结果相同
zuul:
routes:
battcn-hello-service: /api-hello/**
#两种配置方式结果相同
zuul:
routes:
hello-service:
path: /api-hello/**
serviceId: battcn-hello-service
2.忽略指定服务,多个服务逗号分隔,Set<String> ignoredServices
这样一来zuul就会忽略service1和service2,只会代理其它的
zuul:
ignored-services: battcn-hello-service1,battcn-hello-service2
3.指定Path和Url
zuul:
routes:
hello-service:
path: /api-hello/** #路由路径
url: http://localhost:9001/ #指定URL地址
4.使用Zuul但不指定Url(该方式在Eureka有效,Consul还未找到解决方法…)
zuul:
routes:
battcn-hello-service: /api-hello/**
ribbon:
eureka:
enabled: false #为Ribbon禁用 eureka,不会破坏Zuul的Hystrix和Ribbon特性
battcn-hello-service:
ribbon:
listOfServers: localhost:9001,localhost:9002
本章代码(battcn-gateway-service/battcn-hello-service):https://git.oschina.net/battcn/battcn-cloud/tree/master/battcn-cloud-zuul
如有问题请及时与我联系
Original url: Access
Created at: 2019-04-11 15:36:38
Category: default
Tags: none
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